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Speech emotion recognitionwith unsupervised feature learning

Zheng-wei HUANG,Wen-tao XUE,Qi-rong MAO

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第5期页码 358-366 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400323

摘要： Emotion-based features are critical for achieving high performance in a speech emotion recognition (SER) system. In general, it is difficult to develop these features due to the ambiguity of the ground-truth. In this paper, we apply several unsupervised feature learning algorithms (including -means clustering, the sparse auto-encoder, and sparse restricted Boltzmann machines), which have promise for learning task-related features by using unlabeled data, to speech emotion recognition. We then evaluate the performance of the proposed approach and present a detailed analysis of the effect of two important factors in the model setup, the content window size and the number of hidden layer nodes. Experimental results show that larger content windows and more hidden nodes contribute to higher performance. We also show that the two-layer network cannot explicitly improve performance compared to a single-layer network.

关键词： Speech emotion recognition Unsupervised feature learning Neural network Affect computing

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联合局部学习和组稀疏回归的无监督特征选择 Regular Papers

Yue WU, Can WANG, Yue-qing ZHANG, Jia-jun BU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第20卷第4期页码 538-553 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700804

摘要：近十年，特征选择备受关注。通过挑选特征子集，可有效提升学习算法效率。由于难以获取标签信息，无监督特征选择算法相较于有监督特征选择算法应用更为广泛，其关键在于找出更能反映数据分布的特征集合。由于数据集中存在冗余和噪声，使用全部特征并不能很好展现数据的真实分布。为解决这一问题，本文提出联合局部学习和组稀疏回归的无监督特征选择算法。将基于局部学习聚类方法与组稀疏回归算法有机整合，选出有效反映数据流形分布同时保持组稀疏结构的特征。通过迭代算法，回归系数汇聚到重要特征上，选出能得到更优聚类效果的特征。对多个实际数据集（图像、声音和网页）的实验证明了该算法的有效性。

关键词：无监督；局部学习；组稀疏回归；特征选择

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联邦无监督表示学习 Research Article

张凤达1,况琨1,陈隆1,游兆阳1,沈弢1,肖俊1,张寅1,吴超2,吴飞1,庄越挺1,李晓林3,4,5

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第8期页码 1181-1193 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200268

摘要：为利用分布式边缘设备上大量未标记数据，我们在联邦学习中提出一个称为联邦无监督表示学习(FURL)的新问题，以在没有监督的情况下学习通用表示模型，同时保护数据隐私。FURL提出了两个新挑战：（1）客户端之间的数据分布转移（非独立同分布）会使本地模型专注于不同的类别，从而导致表示空间的不一致；（2）如果FURL中客户端之间没有统一的信息，客户端之间的表示就会错位。为了应对这些挑战，我们提出带字典和对齐的联合对比平均(FedCA)算法。FedCA由两个关键模块组成：字典模块，用于聚合来自每个客户端的样本表示并与所有客户端共享，以实现表示空间的一致性；对齐模块，用于将每个客户端的表示与基于公共数据训练的基础模型对齐。我们采用对比方法进行局部模型训练，通过在3个数据集上独立同分布和非独立同分布设定下的大量实验，我们证明FedCA以显著的优势优于所有基线方法。

关键词：联邦学习；无监督学习；表示学习；对比学习

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Static-based early-damage detection using symbolic data analysis and unsupervised learning methods

João Pedro SANTOS,Christian CREMONA,André D. ORCESI,Paulo SILVEIRA,Luis CALADO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 1-16 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0277-3

摘要： A large amount of researches and studies have been recently performed by applying statistical and machine learning techniques for vibration-based damage detection. However, the global character inherent to the limited number of modal properties issued from operational modal analysis may be not appropriate for early-damage, which has generally a local character. The present paper aims at detecting this type of damage by using static SHM data and by assuming that early-damage produces dead load redistribution. To achieve this objective a data driven strategy is proposed, consisting of the combination of advanced statistical and machine learning methods such as principal component analysis, symbolic data analysis and cluster analysis. From this analysis it was observed that, under the noise levels measured on site, the proposed strategy is able to automatically detect stiffness reduction in stay cables reaching at least 1%.

关键词： structural health monitoring early-damage detection principal component analysis symbolic data symbolic dissimilarity measures cluster analysis numerical model damage simulations

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BUEES: a bottom-up event extraction system

Xiao DING,Bing QIN,Ting LIU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第7期页码 541-552 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400405

摘要： Traditional event extraction systems focus mainly on event type identification and event participant extraction based on pre-specified event type paradigms and manually annotated corpora. However, different domains have different event type paradigms. When transferring to a new domain, we have to build a new event type paradigm and annotate a new corpus from scratch. This kind of conventional event extraction system requires massive human effort, and hence prevents event extraction from being widely applicable. In this paper, we present BUEES, a bottom-up event extraction system, which extracts events from the web in a completely unsupervised way. The system automatically builds an event type paradigm in the input corpus, and then proceeds to extract a large number of instance patterns of these events. Subsequently, the system extracts event arguments according to these patterns. By conducting a series of experiments, we demonstrate the good performance of BUEES and compare it to a state-of-the-art Chinese event extraction system, i.e., a supervised event extraction system. Experimental results show that BUEES performs comparably (5% higher -measure in event type identification and 3% higher -measure in event argument extraction), but without any human effort.

关键词： Event extraction Unsupervised learning Bottom-up

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无监督域自适应的动态参数化学习 Research Article

蒋润华1,2,韩亚洪1,2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第11期页码 1616-1632 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200631

摘要：无监督领域自适应通过学习域不变表示实现神经网络从有标签数据组成的源域到无标签数据组成的目标域迁移。近期研究通过直接匹配这两个域的边缘分布实现这一目标。然而，已有研究大多数忽略域对齐和语义判别学习之间的动态平衡，因此容易受负迁移和异常样本影响。为解决这些问题，引入动态参数化学习框架。首先，通过探索领域级语义知识，提出动态对齐参数自适应地调整域对齐和语义判别学习的优化过程。此外，为获得判别能力强和域不变的表示，提出在源域和目标域上对齐优化过程。本文通过综合实验证明了所提出方法的有效性，并在3个视觉任务的7个数据集上进行广泛比较，证明可行性。

关键词：无监督领域自适应；优化步骤；跨域判别表示；语义判别

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针对无监督域自适应问题的深度逐层领域修正算法 Article

Shuang LI, Shi-ji SONG, Cheng WU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第19卷第1期页码 91-103 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700774

摘要：深度神经网络凭借强大的特征抽象能力，已成功应用在机器学习的多个领域。然而，传统深度网络假设训练样本和测试样本来自同一分布，这一假设在很多实际应用中并不成立。为借助深度网络解决领域偏移问题，本文提出逐层领域修正（layer-wise domain correction, LDC）深度域自适应算法。该算法通过在已有深度网络中增加领域修正层，将源域网络成功适配到目标领域。逐层增加的领域修正层能够将两个领域特征的最大均值偏差（maximum mean discrepancy, MMD）距离最小化，从而完美匹配源域和目标域样本的特征表示。与此同时，网络深度的增加极大提高了网络表达能力。LDC算法不需要目标领域有标记样本，在几个跨领域分类识别数据集都取得了当时最好结果，且其训练比已有深度域自适应算法快近10倍。

关键词：无监督域自适应；最大均值偏差；残差网络；深度学习

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基于场景自适应概念学习的无监督目标检测 Research Articles

浦世亮1,赵暐1,陈伟杰1,杨世才1,谢迪1,潘云鹤2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第22卷第5期页码 615-766 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000567

摘要：目标检测是机器视觉领域最热门的研究方向之一，在学术界已取得令人瞩目的成果，在工业界也存在许多有价值的应用。然而，主流的检测方法仍有两个缺陷：（1）即使是经过大量数据有效训练的模型，仍然无法很好地泛化到新场景中；（2）模型一旦部署到位，则无法随着不断累积的无标注数据自主进化。为克服上述问题，受视觉知识理论启发，提出一种场景自适应进化的无监督视频目标检测算法，该算法可利用目标群体概念，降低场景变化带来的不利影响。首先通过预训练检测模型从无标注数据中提取大量候选目标，然后对候选目标聚类，构建目标概念的视觉知识字典，其中各个聚类中心代表一种目标原型。其次，通过研究不同目标簇和不同群体目标信息之间的关系，提出基于图的群体信息传播策略以判断目标概念的归属，可有效区分候选目标。最终，利用收集到的伪类标微调预训练模型，实现算法对新场景的自适应。算法的有效性得到多个不同实验的验证，且性能提升显著。

关键词：视觉知识；无监督视频目标检测；场景自适应学习

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用于解决非线性受电弓系统的启发式神经网络计算 Article

Muhammad Asif Zahoor RAJA, Iftikhar AHMAD, Imtiaz KHAN, Muhammed Ibrahem SYAM, Abdul Majid WAZWAZ

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第4期页码 464-484 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500393

摘要：本文提出了一种启发式神经网络计算平台，用于解决基于不同阶数泛函微分方程的非线性受电弓系统（Pantograph systems based on functional differential equations, P-FDEs）中的初值问题（Initial value problems, IVPs）。该方案利用了前馈人工神经网络（Artificial neural networks, ANNs）、基于遗传算法（Genetic algorithms, GAs）的进化计算技术，以及内点技术（Interior-point technique, IPT）。通过设定一个无监督学习误差，针对完全和不完全满足初始条件两种情况，利用ANNs创建了系统的两种数学模型。采用GA–IPT混合算法，对ANN模型的设计参数进行了优化。在GA–IPT中，GA是有效的全局搜索工具，IPT则用于快速的局部收敛。针对三种不同类型的1–3阶P-FDEs的IVPs对该方案进行了测试。通过对比现有的精确解，确认了该方案的正确性。通过采用不同数量神经元的ANN模型进行了大量的数值实验，进一步验证了该方案的准确性和收敛性。

关键词：神经网络；初值问题（IVP）；函微分方程（FDE）；无监督学习；遗传算法（GAs）；内点技术（IPT）

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MSWNet: A visual deep machine learning method adopting transfer learning based upon ResNet 50 for municipal

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1677-1

摘要：

● MSWNet was proposed to classify municipal solid waste.

关键词： Municipal solid waste sorting Deep residual network Transfer learning Cyclic learning rate Visualization

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Spatial prediction of soil contamination based on machine learning: a review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1693-1

摘要：

● A review of machine learning (ML) for spatial prediction of soil contamination.

关键词： Soil contamination Machine learning Prediction Spatial distribution

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Elucidate long-term changes of ozone in Shanghai based on an integrated machine learning method

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1738-5

摘要：

● A novel integrated machine learning method to analyze O₃ changes is proposed.

关键词： Ozone Integrated method Machine learning

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Machine learning in building energy management: A critical review and future directions

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 239-256 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0181-1

摘要： Over the past two decades, machine learning (ML) has elicited increasing attention in building energy management (BEM) research. However, the boundary of the ML-BEM research has not been clearly defined, and no thorough review of ML applications in BEM during the whole building life-cycle has been published. This study aims to address this gap by reviewing the ML-BEM papers to ascertain the status of this research area and identify future research directions. An integrated framework of ML-BEM, composed of four layers and a series of driving factors, is proposed. Then, based on the hype cycle model, this paper analyzes the current development status of ML-BEM and tries to predict its future development trend. Finally, five research directions are discussed: (1) the behavioral impact on BEM, (2) the integration management of renewable energy, (3) security concerns of ML-BEM, (4) extension to other building life-cycle phases, and (5) the focus on fault detection and diagnosis. The findings of this study are believed to provide useful references for future research on ML-BEM.

关键词： building energy management machine learning integrated framework knowledge evolution

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Using machine learning models to explore the solution space of large nonlinear systems underlying flowsheet

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 183-197 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2073-7

摘要： Flowsheet simulations of chemical processes on an industrial scale require the solution of large systems of nonlinear equations, so that solvability becomes a practical issue. Additional constraints from technical, economic, environmental, and safety considerations may further limit the feasible solution space beyond the convergence requirement. A priori, the design variable domains for which a simulation converges and fulfills the imposed constraints are usually unknown and it can become very time-consuming to distinguish feasible from infeasible design variable choices by simply running the simulation for each choice. To support the exploration of the design variable space for such scenarios, an adaptive sampling technique based on machine learning models has recently been proposed. However, that approach only considers the exploration of the convergent domain and ignores additional constraints. In this paper, we present an improvement which particularly takes the fulfillment of constraints into account. We successfully apply the proposed algorithm to a toy example in up to 20 dimensions and to an industrially relevant flowsheet simulation.

关键词： machine learning flowsheet simulations constraints exploration

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Machine learning for fault diagnosis of high-speed train traction systems: A review

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0256-2

摘要： High-speed trains (HSTs) have the advantages of comfort, efficiency, and convenience and have gradually become the mainstream means of transportation. As the operating scale of HSTs continues to increase, ensuring their safety and reliability has become more imperative. As the core component of HST, the reliability of the traction system has a substantially influence on the train. During the long-term operation of HSTs, the core components of the traction system will inevitably experience different degrees of performance degradation and cause various failures, thus threatening the running safety of the train. Therefore, performing fault monitoring and diagnosis on the traction system of the HST is necessary. In recent years, machine learning has been widely used in various pattern recognition tasks and has demonstrated an excellent performance in traction system fault diagnosis. Machine learning has made considerably advancements in traction system fault diagnosis; however, a comprehensive systematic review is still lacking in this field. This paper primarily aims to review the research and application of machine learning in the field of traction system fault diagnosis and assumes the future development blueprint. First, the structure and function of the HST traction system are briefly introduced. Then, the research and application of machine learning in traction system fault diagnosis are comprehensively and systematically reviewed. Finally, the challenges for accurate fault diagnosis under actual operating conditions are revealed, and the future research trends of machine learning in traction systems are discussed.

关键词： high-speed train traction systems machine learning fault diagnosis